Dog Bites in Michigan: What Victims Need to Know

Dog bites can happen suddenly and leave victims with serious injuries. Whether it is a minor wound or a severe attack, Michigan law provides protection for those who have been bitten. Knowing your rights and the steps to take after an incident can help you secure the compensation needed for medical bills, lost wages, and emotional distress.

Michigan’s Strict Liability Law for Dog Bites

Michigan has a strict liability rule when it comes to dog bites. This means that the owner is responsible for injuries caused by their dog, even if the animal has never shown aggression before. Unlike some states that require proof of negligence, Michigan law automatically holds the owner liable under most circumstances.

For a victim to pursue a claim, two conditions must be met:

1. The victim must have been lawfully on public or private property at the time of the attack. Trespassers generally cannot recover damages.
2. The victim must not have provoked the dog. If the dog was teased, harassed, or otherwise provoked before the bite, the owner may not be held responsible.

This law makes it easier for victims to receive compensation, but there are exceptions. If the dog was performing police or military work at the time of the incident, the owner may not be liable.

Steps to Take After a Dog Bite

Knowing what to do immediately after a dog bite can strengthen your case and ensure you get the medical attention you need.

Seek Medical Attention

Even minor bites can lead to infections or complications. Deep wounds may cause nerve damage or require stitches. Seeing a doctor ensures proper treatment and creates a medical record, which is valuable evidence if you pursue a claim.

Identify the Dog and Its Owner

Get the owner’s name, contact details, and any information about the dog, including vaccination records. If the dog is a stray, report the incident to local animal control or law enforcement.

Document the Injury and Scene

Take photos of your injuries, the location where the bite occurred, and the dog if possible. If there were witnesses, collect their contact information. Their statements may support your claim later.

Report the Bite

In Michigan, dog bites should be reported to the local health department or animal control. This ensures the dog is monitored for rabies and helps prevent future attacks.

Avoid Speaking with Insurance Adjusters Without Legal Guidance

Insurance companies often try to minimize payouts. They may ask for a recorded statement or offer a quick settlement that does not cover all expenses. Before speaking with an adjuster, consult an attorney to understand your rights.

Compensation Available to Dog Bite Victims

Victims of dog bites may recover compensation for a variety of damages. The amount depends on the severity of the injury and its impact on daily life.

Medical Expenses

Compensation can cover hospital visits, surgeries, physical therapy, and future medical needs. Infections, scarring, and reconstructive surgeries can lead to ongoing costs that should be factored into a settlement.

Lost Wages and Reduced Earning Capacity

If the injury prevents you from working, you may be entitled to recover lost income. Severe bites that result in permanent damage could also impact future earning ability.

Pain and Suffering

Beyond physical injuries, dog bites can cause emotional trauma. Many victims experience anxiety, fear of dogs, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Compensation may be available for these emotional effects.

Scarring and Disfigurement

Some dog bites leave permanent scars, especially when injuries occur on the face, arms, or hands. These visible marks can affect self-esteem and quality of life. Victims may seek damages for the emotional distress caused by disfigurement.

Property Damage

If the attack resulted in damage to personal belongings, such as torn clothing or broken glasses, the owner may be responsible for replacing them.

Michigan’s Statute of Limitations for Dog Bite Claims

There is a time limit for filing a lawsuit after a dog bite. In Michigan, victims have three years from the date of the incident to pursue a claim. Waiting too long can result in losing the right to seek compensation. Speaking with an attorney as soon as possible ensures deadlines are met and evidence is preserved.

What If the Dog Owner Claims Provocation?

One of the few defenses available to dog owners in Michigan is provocation. If the owner argues that the victim provoked the dog, it can impact the case. Provocation includes teasing, hitting, or engaging in aggressive behavior toward the animal. However, what qualifies as provocation is not always clear. Children, for example, may not fully understand their actions, and courts may take this into consideration.

An attorney can challenge provocation claims by providing witness statements, video footage, or expert testimony from animal behavior specialists.

When Homeowners’ Insurance Covers Dog Bites

In many cases, a dog bite claim is handled through the dog owner’s homeowner’s or renter’s insurance policy. These policies typically cover liability for injuries caused by pets. However, some insurers exclude certain dog breeds or impose coverage limits. If the owner is uninsured, legal options may include filing a personal injury lawsuit to recover damages.

Protecting Yourself and Others from Dog Attacks

While owners are responsible for their pets, taking precautions can help prevent bites:

• Avoid approaching unfamiliar dogs – Even friendly-looking dogs may bite if they feel threatened.
• Ask permission before petting – Always check with the owner before touching their dog.
• Teach children proper behavior around dogs – Kids should know not to pull on ears or tails, startle a resting dog, or take food from its mouth.
• Watch for warning signs – Growling, stiff body posture, and raised fur can indicate a dog is feeling aggressive or defensive.

If you encounter an aggressive dog, remain calm and avoid sudden movements. Back away slowly and do not make direct eye contact, which some dogs perceive as a threat.

Seeking Legal Help After a Dog Bite

Dog bite cases can appear simple, but insurance companies and dog owners frequently challenge claims. A skilled personal injury attorney can gather crucial evidence, negotiate with insurers, and work to ensure you receive the fair compensation you deserve.

If you or a loved one has been bitten by a dog in Michigan, it’s important to understand your rights and take action. At Smith & Johnson, our experienced attorneys are here to help you hold the responsible party accountable. Contact us today for a consultation and let us guide you through the legal process to secure the justice and compensation you’re entitled to.